End-stage renal disease

End-stage renal disease

It is the last stage of chronic kidney disease. This is when your kidneys can no longer meet your body's needs.

End-stage renal disease is also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Causes
The kidneys remove waste and excess water from the body. The ERT occurs when the kidneys can no longer function at a level necessary for daily living.

The most common causes of ERT in the United States are diabetes and high blood pressure . These conditions can affect the kidneys.

End-stage renal disease almost always comes after chronic kidney disease . The kidneys may stop working slowly for 10 to 20 years before end-stage kidney disease.

symptom
Common symptoms may include:

Feeling of general discomfort and fatigue
Itching ( itching ) and dry skin
Headache
Unintentional weight loss
Inapetencia
Sickness
Other symptoms may include:

Abnormally clear or dark skin
Nail changes
Bone pain
Drowsiness and confusion
Problems concentrating or thinking
Numbness in the hands, feet or other areas
Muscle cramps or cramps
Bad breath
Susceptibility to bruising, nasal bleeding or blood in the stool
Excessive thirst
Frequent hiccup
Problems with sexual activity
Cessation of menstrual periods (amenorrhea)
Sleeping problems
Swelling of feet and hands ( edema )
Vomiting , often in the morning
Tests and exams
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and order blood tests. Most people with this condition have high blood pressure.

People with ERT produce much less urine or their kidneys stop producing urine at all.

The ERT changes the results of many tests. People on dialysis will need to have these and other tests done frequently:

Potassium
Sodium
Albumin
Match
Calcium
Cholesterol
Magnesium
Complete blood count (CSC)
Electrolytes
This disease may also change the results of the following tests:

Erythropoietin
Parathyroid Hormone
Bone density test
Treatment
It may be necessary to treat the ERT with dialysis or a kidney transplant . You may need to take a special diet or take medicines that help your body function properly.

DIALYSIS

Dialysis does part of the work of the kidneys when they stop working well.

Dialysis can:

Eliminate salt and extra water and waste products so that they do not build up in your body.
Maintain safe levels of vitamins and minerals in your body.
Help control blood pressure.
Help the body produce red blood cells.
The care provider will talk about dialysis with you before you need it. Dialysis removes waste from the blood when the kidneys can no longer do their job.

Generally, you will begin dialysis when you have only 10% to 15% of kidney function left.
Even people who are waiting for a kidney transplant may need dialysis while they wait.
Two different methods are used to perform dialysis:

During hemodialysis, blood is passed through a tube to an artificial kidney or filter.
During peritoneal dialysis , a special solution is passed to the abdomen through a catheter. The solution stays in your abdomen for a while and then withdraws. This method can be done at home, at work or while traveling.
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

A kidney transplant is surgery to place a healthy kidney in a person with kidney failure. The doctor will refer you to a transplant center. There, a transplant team will review and evaluate you. They will try to verify that you are a good candidate for a kidney transplant.

SPECIAL DIET

You may need to continue taking a special diet for chronic kidney disease . Diet may include:

Eat Low Protein Foods
Get enough calories if you are losing weight
Limit liquids
Limit salt, potassium, phosphorus and other electrolytes
OTHER TREATMENTS

Other treatments depend on symptoms, but may include:

Extra calcium and vitamin D (always talk to your doctor before taking supplements).
Medications called phosphate bonds, to help prevent phosphorus levels from becoming too high.
Treatment for anemia, such as extra iron in food, iron tablets or injections, injections of a drug called erythropoietin and blood transfusions.
Medications to control blood pressure.